Textuality - Definition and Discussion

In linguistics  and literary studies, the property by which successive sentences form a coherent text in contrast to a random sequence. Textuality is a key concept in post-structuralist theory. In their study Translation as Text (1992), A.  Neubert and G.M. Shreve define textuality as the complex set of features that texts must have to be considered texts. Textuality is a property that a complex linguistic object assumes when it reflects certain social and communicative constraints. Observations The Domains of Texture, Structure, and ContextThe three basic domains of textuality . . . are texture, structure, and context. The term texture covers the various devices used in establishing continuity of sense and thus making a sequence of sentences operational (i.e. both cohesive and coherent). . . .Another source from which texts derive their cohesion and acquire the necessary coherence is structure. This assists us in our attempt to perceive specific compositional plans in what otherwise would only be a disconnected sequence of sentences. Structure and texture thus work together, with the former providing the outline, and the latter fleshing out the details. . . .In dealing with structure and texture, we rely on higher-order contextual factors which determine the way a given sequence of sentences serves a specific rhetorical purpose such as arguing or narrating (i.e. becomes what we have called text).(Basil Hatim and Ian Mason, The Translator as Communicator. Routledge, 1997)Wha t Is a Text?There are various senses in which a piece of writing may be said to be a text. The word text itself is the past participle stem of the Latin verb texere, to weave, intertwine, plait, or (of writing) compose. The English words textile and texture also derive from the same Latin word. This etymology of the word text is apparent in expressions that refer to the weaving of a story, the thread of an argument, or the texture of a piece of writing. A text may thus be taken to be a weaving or a network of analytic, conceptual, logical, and theoretical relations that is woven with the threads of language. This implies that language is not a transparent medium through which arguments are expressed, . . . but is interwoven with or provides the very filaments of the substantive arguments themselves.(Vivienne Brown, Textuality and the History of Economics. A Companion to the History of Economic Thought, ed. by W. J. Samuels et al. Blackwell, 2003)Texts, Textuality, and TextureThe pro per business of literary criticism is the description of readings. Readings consist of the interaction of texts and humans. Humans are comprised of minds, bodies and shared experiences. Texts are the objects produced by people drawing on these resources. Textuality is the outcome of the workings of shared cognitive mechanics, evident in texts and readings. Texture is the experienced quality of textuality.(Peter Stockwell,  Texture: A Cognitive Aesthetics of Reading. Edinburgh University Press,  2009)Textuality and TeachingAs I see it, textuality has two aspects. One is the broadening of the objects we study and teach to include all the media and modes of expression. . . . Expanding the range of texts is one aspect of studies in textuality. The other . . . has to do with changing the way we look at texts to combine the perspectives of creator and consumer, writer and reader. Both of these aspects of textuality have to do with helping students open their minds and expand their vis ion of how texts work and what they do. The larger goal of textuality is the opening of a wider world of culture for students . . ..The study of textuality involves looking at works that function powerfully in our world, and considering both what they mean and how they mean.(Robert Scholes,  English After the Fall: From Literature to Textuality. University of Iowa Press, 2011)  Ã‚   Also Known As: texture

Black Music and the Civil Rights Movement Essay - 3856 Words

On July 5, 1954, forty-nine days after the Supreme Court handed down the decision on the Brown vs. Board of Education case, a nineteen year old truck driver recorded an Arthur Crudup blues track called â€Å"That’s All Right Mama† (Bertrand 46). Memphis disc jockey Dewey Phillips found the cut and played it on his radio show a few weeks later. He received calls all over from people, mostly white, who wanted to hear more. He quickly located the musician and brought him into the studio for an interview, audiences were shocked to learn that Elvis was white (Bertrand 46). Elvis’s music brought black music into white mainstream pop culture almost overnight. The breakthrough of Elvis happening almost simultaneously with the dawn of†¦show more content†¦In the Puritan world white represented good and black represented evil, including Africans and their culture. After the War Baldwin states that the former puritanical views of whites will be challenged. Mu sicians such as Elvis Presley were the first to issue this challenge to white society. Early rockers such as Elvis would pave the way for social commentary in music that would add much fire to the Civil Rights Movement. In order to fully understand the explosion in popularity of black music in the years following World War II, one must understand the social conditions in which blacks and whites lived in the American South. An article entitled â€Å"Not Just the Same Old Show on my Radio† delves into the very issues behind racism. The article names aspects necessary for social segregation to exist: 1.) There must be a stigmatism of the oppressed group. 2.) There must be some sort of â€Å"labeled interaction† between groups. 3.) There must be a hierarchy of discrimination. (Kloosterman, Quispel 152) In the case of the American South we see evidence of the Baldwin’s â€Å"Puritan dicta† in each of theses points. Obviously the stigmatism of the African race gathers its logic from the belief of African inferiority. However, of importance at this time will be the second criterion referring to â€Å"labeled interaction† between races. The â€Å"labeled interaction† that these authors are referring to of course represents the South’sShow MoreRelatedEssay Music Influence on the Civil Rights Movement1037 Words   |  5 PagesWorrall Mrs. Stepp 3rd Period 12/11/13 Question: How did music influence/effect the Civil Rights Movement? i. During the Civil Rights era, African Americans changed the way people looked at music by ending the segregation in the music world and by making a well-known â€Å"soundtrack† and influence during the Civil Rights Movement. ii. Topic Sentence: While music was an impact on the Civil Rights Movement, Motown Records is what gave Blacks the confidence to succeed in the only voice they had. aRead MoreThe Folk Music Of The Civil Rights Movement1208 Words   |  5 PagesResponse Paper #4 The folk music of the Civil Rights Movement â€Å"came out of tradition, common experience, and generations of resistance† (Dunaway 2010: 140). The songs used throughout the movement derived from the shared experiences and struggles of African Americans while connecting â€Å"the gentle, idealistic world of folk music and the integrationist world of civil rights† (Dunaway 2010: 145). Songs, such as â€Å"We Shall Overcome†, were put through the folk process, where a song is passed on and alterationsRead MoreWho Is Nina Simone?1444 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, is the ability of its participants to share their personal experiences to audiences than can both empathize and relate to the realities these artists present. This extended period of the civil rights and black power era can arguably be defined as the mobilization of the larger public by popular black figures whose individual charismas and drive inspired collective action. Some of these figures were exclus ively political, many of which prominent intellects of race academia and/or known for theirRead MoreThe Impact of Rock n Roll on the Civil Rights Movement1590 Words   |  7 PagesIt was no coincidence that rock ‘n’ roll and the civil rights movement started at the same time. The genre originated from African American music and was greatly discriminated against. Traditional white Americans would target anything bad about it. But as the teenager demographic of the 1950s started increasing the sales of the music, the genre started gaining more popularity. It was the style of Elvis Presley and his new voice that made girls weak in the knees and boys want to be him. Artists suchRead MoreLouis Armstrong : The Father Of Jazz And The Starter Of A Whole New Way921 Words   |  4 Pagesjazz music he created. Louis Armstrong expressed black culture through his music and did not make it for people to enjoy, instead he made it because he loved it and felt that it was important to him. He said that the pleasure he got from it was his inspiration for life . He was often considered a â€Å"traitor of his art† by both blacks and whites for the way he revolutionized Jazz by incorporating things into his music that was unheard of, such as scat . During this time, the civil rights movement wasRead MoreThe ‘60s: Culture and Music Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, music have defined or depicted the culture and social events in America. Music has constantly played an important role in constituting American culture, where people have expressed themselves through music during flourishing and turbulent times. In the 1930’s, Swing music created a platform for audiences to vent their emotions in the midst of Great Depression and political unrest. Such strong relationship between music and culture can be seen throughout history, especially inRead MoreMusic That Made The Movement1495 Words   |  6 Pages Music that Made the Movement The United States is a country which was formed by the hard work of the First Nations people, the British, and African Americans. Unfortunately, blacks were subjected to slavery. In the 1900’s blacks were becoming more discontented, thus began the emergence of the civil rights movement. Along with rallies and peaceful protests, music played a very important role in bringing change to a society where white supremacy reigned. In addition to their efforts, jazz and bluesRead MoreShould America Have Been America Without Her Negro People?1426 Words   |  6 PagesSatya sree Vedula Hist 115 Dr. N Creary No Black, No America Prompt: Would America have been America without her Negro people? America is a diverse country that accommodates a variety of people from various ethnic backgrounds. African Americans are one of a kind who are inhabiting the United States since a long time.The question â€Å"Would America have been America without her Negro people?† by W.E.B.Dubois is a strenuous one and has arisen many debates in the past. People say that the answer toRead MoreSoul Music, Or Soul?1237 Words   |  5 Pages Soul music, or â€Å"Soul†,was adopted to describe African-American popular music as it evolved from the 1950s to the early 1970s. Although some people thought of â€Å"Soul† music as a new term for Rhythm and Blues, it was not. In fact, the â€Å"key ingredient in Soul music, and the element that defined it as a new style was the influence of gospel music.† (1)This style of music was a blend gospel music with the dance grooves of that era. However, Soul music during its heyday did more than simply entertain.Read MoreThe Impacts Of B ob Dylan And The Civil Rights Movement939 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1960s were a time of great protest, public opinion, freedom for music, invention, and racism. In America in 1960 the Civil Rights Movement was underway and the Vietnam War had already been going on for 5 years, where approximately 900 American troops were already serving. The 1960s produced some of the greatest musical artists seen in history, and one in particular was Bob Dylan. Bob Dylan is thought to be one of the greatest influence on popular culture in all time, and is one of the main and

Conflicting Principles of Life in William Faulkner’s “Barn Burning” Free Essays

William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† presents the conflict between two forms of justice: (1) justice based on kinship and (2) justice based on human dignity. The conflict between these two forms of justice was presented within the text through Sarty’s perspective of Ab’s actions who sought to achieve ‘freedom’ from his previous agreements by defiling the rights of other individuals. Set after the period of the Civil War, the text presents Sarty’s conflicts as he tried to understand his father’s motivations for the actions that have led his family to further hardships in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflicting Principles of Life in William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning† or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important to note that Ab, Sarty’s father, has a led a life geared towards self-fulfillment as his actions throughout his life have been motivated by his desire to attain material wealth. Note for example that even if Ab was considered as a ‘soldier’ in the ‘fine, old, European sense,’ of the term, his motivations for choosing to join in the battle was neither to save the South from the Northern invasion nor to protect his region’s views regarding slavery (Faulkner 1743). This is apparent if one considers that as Ab and Sarty reached the De Spain mansion, Ab ironically tells his son, â€Å"Pretty and white, ain’t it†¦. That’s Nigger sweat. Maybe it ain’t white enough yet to suit him. Maybe he wants to mix some white sweat with it† (Faulkner 1737). This statement was neither motivated by Ab’s disgust for slavery nor by his disgust in the African American’s position in life. His statement was motivated by his sense of outrage against the wealth and power symbolized by the plantation. His outrage statement was thereby meant to be a bitter view against the wealth and power that he could not achieve in life. The conflict, within the text, thereby arises as a result of Sarty’s inability to understand his father’s motivations and reasons for his actions. As was mentioned above, his father chose to defile another individual’s rights in order to free himself from his obligations. This is apparent as his father burned the barn of the man who has slighted him. Sarty recognizes the harm that was inflicted upon his father however he does not consider this a sufficient reason to defile the right of another individual. As a result of this, he was placed in a position where he will either amend the harm inflicted on the other individual in order to protect his father and thereby maintain his loyalty to his family or he will refuse knowledge of his father’s actions thereby allowing his father’s misdeed but enabling justice for the other individual. The conflict is thereby defined by the necessity to choose, on Sarty’s part, what he considers to be ‘the right’ decision within the text. How to cite Conflicting Principles of Life in William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning†, Essays

Nothings Changed and 2 scavengers Essay Example For Students

Nothings Changed and 2 scavengers Essay This is a very upsetting poem and made me think about how we as a nation treat people from different racial backgrounds. I think this country has a very good approach to racism and trys to be a accepting environment for everyone, no matter of race, shape or size. Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes is about how America is meant to be a democracy, but is not. The writer compares a garbage truck worker to a beautiful couple in a Mercedes. The first verse is describing; the garbage men, how they look, the time and place. It says that the garbage men are wearing red plastic blazers this is a cheap and not very nice way of dressing and distinguishes them apart from everyone else and diminishes them. It also says looking down on into this is not meant to be a good thing as it shows that the garbage men are high up and the desired level is in a sporty car close to the ground. The second verse goes into detail about how the elegant couple look. The writer describes the man in a hip three piece linen suit this tells us that the couple are richer then the garbage men as there is a direct comparison between the red plastic blazers and hip linen suit. The author writes the young blond this is showing a sign of wealth because only the rich could afford to die their hair blond. Also he says they are on the way to his architects office this shows wealth. Not many people have personal architects and a poor person could not afford to hire and architect. The third says how one of the bin men is old and has grey hair and the other is the same age as the man driving the Mercedes. The older man was described by saying he looks like gargoyle Quasimodo this means he is hunched back and look old and hard done by. The younger one has many similarities with the Mercedes driver as the both have long hair and sunglasses, and are around the same age. The final verse says how the bin men were longing to be the people in the car and how if things were different they could be. Its also says, holding the four together if any thing was possible this is saying that anything could happen if only the bin men had had the same chances and opportunities. The poem was written to show how America is not a democracy. The young bin man could have had the same chances as the Mercedes driver so this is backing up the point that the country is not a democracy. Throughout the poem he compares what the rich couple have and what the poor bin men do not. If the country was a democracy and every thing was fair and everyone had the same chances, and obviously they didnt have the same chances. The theme through out is what some have and what others dont and this is shown by how the people have different possessions. Both poems show how writing a poem can express a message to all its readers and show how a good poet can use words to change peoples feeling about everything, and anything. In Nothings Changed the rhythm is very strong and the author repeats the word to create onomatopoeia, to a great effect. Although in Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes the writer doesnt use rhythm or onomatopoeia, yet it still creates a great poem. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes section.

A Case Study Of Social Work With Families Social Work Essay Essays

A Case Study Of Social Work With Families Social Work Essay Essays A Case Study Of Social Work With Families Social Work Essay Essay A Case Study Of Social Work With Families Social Work Essay Essay This was my 3rd contact with Mrs G nevertheless my first contact with Mrs G on her ain without Ps presence. The intent of the visit was to transport out a carer s appraisal which focused on Mrs G s demands separate from P s demands. It was of import that I tuned into the visit in order to work with Mrs G efficaciously. The procedure of tuning in helped me see the legal authorization for the intercession, it helped me fix myself for countries Mrs G may hold wanted to discourse, I was able to see relevant theories, Mrs G s feelings, my feelings as a worker and how I would turn to these feelings through the usage of good cognition, accomplishments and values. Before run intoing with the household I had read through the bing instance file which allowed me to derive an penetration into the societal work engagement of MS the passage co-ordinator to day of the month, other professionals involved and an penetration into the household background. I had antecedently carried out a UNOCINI appraisal on P, had been on a few visits to P and Mrs G and liaised with several other professionals involved with P such as the Renal Team at the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children ( RBHSC ) , the school, P s G.P, Clinical psychologist etc. I had already gathered relevant information and therefore obtained a good penetration into the household state of affairs, peculiarly through interceding with the Clinical Psychologist who had done some brief household work with the household. From interceding with him, I was able to find that there were strained relationships within the place. As my function in this case involved measuring the demands of a carer, I re ad around carers in Northern Ireland, their demands and what they frequently experience etc. This allowed me to tune into what Mrs G s life may affect with respects to caring for P and see some of the challenges carers experience on a regular footing. As I had already been involved with the household and completed a UNOCINI appraisal, I gained a great penetration into the household s fortunes, history/background. During this contact I wanted to obtain a greater penetration into how P s disablement impacted is presently impacting on Mrs G, the primary carer of P. I prepared myself for the contact by familiarizing myself with the carers assessment signifier nevertheless I had already decided to near the state of affairs by leting Mrs G to take control and explicate openly how she was get bying etc. My pattern instructor besides discussed her outlooks with me during supervising. My primary intent in this piece of work was: The intent of the work was to run into with Mrs G in her place. Carry out an appraisal of Mrs G s demands as a carer separate from P s demands by leting Mrs G to speak openly about her state of affairs, how she was get bying as a carer etc, show any concerns she had and inquire her how she feels we could outdo support her at this clip. This allowed Mrs G to take control of the treatment and place countries to discourse. My chief purposes and were they achieved I contacted Mrs G prior to the visit to explicate the observation so that she was cognizant of the state of affairs before we arrived at the house. On reaching, I discovered that Mrs G had forgotten about the visit and planned to travel into town. I asked Mrs G if she would wish to reschedule but she said she would prefer to travel in front with the visit. I did non hold to present myself at the beginning of this contact as I had clarified my function and map within the bureau during the first visit with the household. I foremost introduced my pattern teacher, reassuring Mrs G that she was at that place to measure me and my pattern and that anything she would be composing would be about myself and non her. I farther reassured Mrs G that anything discussed within the visit would non be discussed outside of the visit. At this phase I feel I could hold explained the boundaries of confidentiality. I explained to Mrs G she was entitled to a carers appraisal under the Carers and Direct Pay ments Act and that this would concentrate on her needs as a carer as apposed to P s demands. On contemplation I do experience I could hold explained to Mrs G at this phase what the appraisal involved and I could hold summarised what I intended to cover during the visit. Alternatively I merely explained her entitlement to a carer s appraisal and that it focused on her demands. I acknowledged how hard life has been for Mrs G and her household up until this point and asked Mrs g what it was like caring for P. Mrs G gave a really elaborate history of P s medical history and how his status affected him. Issues originating were P s restricted diet consumption, P s disobedience to take medicine and his personal attention. On contemplation, although I did try to examine farther on these issues as an effort to find if and what triggers may hold been lending, looking back I do experience I could hold used more effectual inquiring as an effort to find the impact this has had for Mrs G as a carer. Other issues originating were P s deficiency of self-esteem and organic structure issues which clearly contributed to his low temper. Looking back I feel I could hold explored into this country more through examining more nevertheless I recall the carer at this phase holding given me allot of in-depth information. I had reacted by examining farther on another subject and ha d forgotten to travel back and explore this country. On contemplation I feel it would hold been of import to hold explored this country farther to derive a greater penetration into how Mrs G coped with knowing that her boy was insecure and organic structure issues. Does she try to speak to P? Does this concern her, do her feel stressed etc, how does she get by seeing how P s disablement impacts upon him? Looking back another issue which Mrs G explained was the fact that P had fell out with their local Church over his diet. This was a clear issue/concern for Mrs G, nevertheless looking back, I did non examine farther on this issue as one time once more, I recall Mrs G explicating a figure of issues at one time. I explored further on one issue and once more I forgot to travel back and explore this concern. At this point I feel I should hold listed back to Mrs G the concerns that were originating and explored each of them one by one. Alternatively I feel I became overwhelmed by all of the information she was giving me, I accordingly responded by researching into one issue, which so led into another issue and I forgot to cover the other issues originating a the beginning. This has been a large acquisition curve for me as a worker. From this in peculiar I have learnt that I need to be more self-asserting and take more control of the conversation, peculiarly if you are with a service user who is rather chatty. In future I plan to state, ok, mrs G, you ve given me rather a batch of information at that place. You have raised concerns about this, this and this . I would so cover each of the issues individually to guarantee I have explored all countries to the full that the service user has identified as being job countries. I will besides guarantee to take more control of the conversation by halting the service user if I feel she has overwhelmed me with information and gait the flow of the interaction to guarantee each country is being to the full explored. I recall Mrs G explicating that P had been staying by his restricted fluid and diet consumption late as apposed to what he had done in the yesteryear. Mrs G did nevertheless express that P would still sometimes push the boundaries . I recall merely reassuring Mrs G that this was really positive, nevertheless on contemplation, I feel that I could hold picked up on the fact that she had expressed he still pushes the boundaries at times and explored more into how they managed this, how he reacts when she reminds him the importance of his restricted diet and how P s reactions impacted on Mrs G and other household members within the place. Mrs G went on to explicate that the clinical psychologist P had been to see late had diagnosed P as being biologically depressed and non clinically down. I recall examining farther as an effort to find how Mrs G felt about this diagnosing, and asked whether P would go on to see the psychologist. However on contemplation I do experience I could hold explored further with respect to the possible hazards this presented for P, how P was acting, had she noticed any important alterations in his temper, behavior etc. Looking back I feel this would hold been really of import and normally I feel a really obvious country to cover nevertheless I recall reminding myself of my function within that visit and that was to concentrate on Mrs G as a carer and how she was get bying as a carer. Looking back nevertheless I do experience it was of import to hold explored farther on this issue as there obviously could hold been hazards involved which could hold led me to finding how Mrs G felt and coped wi th these. I recall Mrs G explicating about P s argumentative nature. I did try to research this country farther nevertheless once more at this phase I recall Mrs G giving a batch of elaborate information and once more I do experience it would hold been good to hold redirected the information she had given back to how Mrs G was affected and how she was get bying. I summarised by explicating to Mrs. G the chief issues which we had discussed during the visit and what Mrs G was presently covering with. I so reminded Mrs G of the chief ground for the contact which was an appraisal of Mrs G s demands as a carer, how things have impacted on her and how she was get bying as a carer. I summarised by inquiring Mrs G to one time once more eplain what the chief concerns were for her in header and lovingness for P at the minute. Mrs G one time once more clearly highlighted that the chief concern for her as a female parent was the fact that P had no chances at the minute to run into, socialize and interact others his ain age group. She farther explained that she felt this would undoubtly assist to advance P s independency while giving her and her hubby a small reprieve. I paraphrased this dorsum to Mrs G to hold her clarify what I understood in relation to P s demands and how this would finally profit them as carers. I summarised by admiting and explicati ng to Mrs G that I understood the degree of P s attention needs, what the household have come through in their lives to day of the month and the impact of caring for P and other household members. At this phase I recall reding Mrs G of some support groups which may be of support to Mrs and Mrs G. Mrs G nevertheless clarified that she felt it was non them as parents who needed the support but their boy, P who would profit from some kind of societal mercantile establishment. Furthermore, she did foreground she felt this would to boot profit her and her hubby as P relied rather a batch on her and her hubby to take him out. Mrs G expressed she felt it would be good for P if person P s age were to come and convey P out for a few hours. I mentioned a voluntary befrienders scheme nevertheless I was diffident as to the likelihood of acquiring a befriender that age within the vicinity therefore I reassured Mrs G I would follow this up and acquire back to her. At this phase I recall presenting the subject of direct payments. Looking back, I feel the conversation had flowed up until this point. On contemplation I had no ground to convey up the subject of direct payments as the conversation up until this phase had been centred on Mrs G, her life as a carer and how this was impacting on her. I had prepared to cover this subject entirely on the footing that this was one of the subjects covered within the bureau s Carers Assessment signifiers. Looking back, I feel at that place was no ground to present this subject as there was merely no intent in this case. I recall inquiring Mrs G if she was cognizant of direc t payments and or if she received direct payments. Mrs G was non and asked if this was the same as carer s allowance. At this phase I recall traveling wholly clean. I knew it was nt nevertheless I went wholly clean and I could non believe and turned to my pattern instructor for reassurance and inquire her if they were the same. At this phase I felt rather nervous and found it difficult to refocus my head back on the subject of conversation. I so remember seeking to explicate the construct of direct payments to Mrs G. I was able to explicate that It focused on authorising service users through leting them to be employers and this was a payment paid to them which would let them to efficaciously employ person if for illustration they wanted to pay person to come in and care for their handicapped kid. I recall faltering through this account as I consciously knew I was nt pass oning my apprehension of direct payments efficaciously in a manner to guarantee that Mrs G understood it and mo reover I doubted what I was stating. I feel I cold have tuned in better to what direct payments were, whether Mrs G and P would hold been eligible for this service, what the options were for them and been able to explicate to them in a manner that they understood and hold given an illustration of their fortunes as apposed to a kid. i.e. sing the fact that P was turning 18 in a few months. I feel if I had prepared better by making this, there would hold been more construction and intent to presenting the subject in the first case, Mrs G would hold grasped a clear and concise apprehension of what direct payments were, I would hold come across as a more competent and knowing worker and this would hold lessened the likelihood of confusion or unrealistic hopes and outlooks on Mrs G s behalf on their eligibility and entitlement for the service. Straight off following the visit I acknowledged how my responses could hold potentially hold given Mrs g unrealistic hopes and outlooks with respe ct to what they could acquire. I feel nervousness and deficiency of concise readying significantly contributed to my inability to explicate the service efficaciously and briefly, peculiarly after I was unable to explicate the difference between carers allowance and direct payments ab initio. I eventually summarised what I was traveling to make for Mrs G such as looking into the befriending strategy, their eligibility for direct payments, as she queried if she would be able to pay person to come and take P out for a few hours a hebdomad etc. I so explained Mrs G that I would be in touch to set up a clip and day of the month to speak through the appraisal one time I had completed it and hold her mark it. Mrs G agreed. Skills I do experience I listened to Mrs G and demonstrated regard by being empathic towards her and her state of affairs yesteryear and nowadays. I was really cognizant of the sensitiveness around what Mrs G has come through in her life to day of the month and used silence allot to let Mrs. G to garner her ideas before replying the inquiries. When she was speaking I continued to utilize silence as a agency of allowing Mrs G tell her narrative and show her feelings. I ensured to keep oculus contact. My non verbal s I hope indicated to Mrs G that I was listening to what she had to state. Although I contently listened to Mrs G and what she had to state, I do experience she overwhelmed me with information a batch of the clip. Although I managed to research farther some of these issues by examining farther on certain issues, I feel I failed to examine further on all the issues/concerns expressed by Mrs G. I feel I could taken control of the interaction more by halting Mrs G at times and sensitively stating for illustration, ok Mrs G, you have given me rather a batch of information at that place. You mentioned this, this, this and this.. Can you foremost state me a bit more about ( 1st issue ) , how does this affect you as a carer etc. I would so hold gone through each issue individually and have explored each issue to the full. I so would hold got Mrs G to continue. This would hold ensured that I was utilizing my examining accomplishments more efficaciously and ensured I was researching and analyzing every bit all countries which arose. Furthermore, I feel I did examine further on certain topics to derive a farther penetration into how G felt about certain things although in making this I do accept that I still may non hold kept the subjects focused on Mrs G every bit much as what I could hold. I do experience nevertheless that in this case, the demands of Mrs G was really dependent on that of run intoing P s demands foremost as she continually stated, if I thought that P was acquiring ready and looking frontward to traveling out and run intoing with others his age, I would be able to loosen up and when he would be off, this would move as reprieve for me . I genuinely feel this was the chief issue for Mrs G and she clarified this towards the terminal of the visit. I was peculiarly ware of this as I had tuned into the fact that in a typical brush affecting two people, it is estimated that the existent spoken or verbal content is likely to transport merely one tierce of the societal significance in any given event, whereas the non verbal signifiers convey approximately two tierces of the significance ( Birdwhistell, 1970 ) . Communication is a two manner procedure. It involves listening every bit good as speech production. Non-verbal s used were: nodding, holding an appropriate organic structure position, utilizing oculus contact, smiling and sitting in the SOLAR place. Allot of the clip Mrs G was speaking. I hope my non-verbal s indicated to her that I was listening to what she had to state, respected the information she was sharing and demonstrated empathy and regard. I feel I used my interpersonal accomplishments throughout the visit ad this contributed to a relaxed atmosphere and interaction. I do experience nevertheless I had developed a good resonance at this phase with Mrs G as I had been on a few old place visits through transporting out the UNOCINI appraisal. I feel I had a by and large good construction to the contact nevertheless I do experience I could hold explained at the get downing the content of what I hoped to cover with Mrs G alternatively of merely summarizing that I would be looking at her demands as a carer. I feel I demonstrated good non verbal communicating through appropriate facial looks, a good posing place with an unfastened position, good oculus contact and nodding my caput to reassure Mrs G I acknowledged, was listening and understood what she was stating. I feel I laughed when appropriate and showed empathy when covering sensitive issues such as P s past medical history of malignant neoplastic disease and chemotherapy. I did inquire assorted unfastened inquiries which I had planned as a agency of using the exchange theoretical account and leting Mrs G to speak openly about her life as a carer. This besides allowed me to derive an penetration into what Mrs G s life was like, what her caring function entailed and how she coped with her caring duties. I asked closed inquiries to derive more information on certain issues and clear up information. I feel my tone of voice was appropriate sing we were covering issues which were sensitive to Mrs G. Generally, I feel I efficaciously communicated with Mrs G. Effective communicating is an indispensable constituent of traditional societal work activities ( Lishman, 1994, pg 1 ) . I communicated clearly with Mrs G by explicating why I was at that place, presenting my pattern teacher, explicating her function, reassured Mrs G my pattern instructor was at that place to detect me and non her. I explained clearly what I hoped to cover during the contact and unde r land she was entitled to a carer s appraisal. The procedure of prosecuting entails societal workers being expressed about what we are making and why ( Munro 1998a: 98 ) . I feel I engaged good with Mrs G by uncluttering explicating my function and intent. I paraphrased back to Mrs G what she had said at certain phases, peculiarly towards the terminal of the contact to demo Mrs G that I understood what she d told me. This involved me rephrasing or feeding back to Mrs G what they d conveyed, in a meaningful manner. This was besides utile in holding Mrs G clear up that this is so what she meant. Empowerment- Authorization is more normally used to depict service users being given meaningful pick and valuable options ( Clark 2000: 57 ) . I feel I provided Mrs G with pick and valuable options by supplying her with information, informing her of the services available. I do experience I actively listened to G and responded by examining farther on certain issues. On contemplation, I feel the type of inquiries I asked G could hold been more focussed on the demands of G and Ge as apposed from holding her explain about P. Initially I felt this may hold given R an penetration into what G s life is like and I thought it may hold been a good starting point nevertheless I feel I could hold covered facets such as how she coped when P was off to college, to dialysis. In stating this I do experience that G made it really clear peculiarly towards the terminal that the chief concern for her at the minute was the fact that her boy had no friends his age, was unable to acquire out and had nil to look frontward to. And continually expressed that this was the chief issue for her and that if he had an chance to acquire out and socialize with others his age, this would positively impact on her as she would be able to loosen up if she felt P was happy and this would besides move as a few hours respite for her as relationships in the household had been strained late. I feel I did non pass on to Mrs G in a clear and concise mode what direct payments was and was unable to supply her with a clear differentiation between that of carers allowance and direct payments. Looking back I went space at this point and felt I could non believe and panicked. As a consequence I looked to R for re-assurance. I do non experience I came across as a competent worker as on contemplation I turned to my pattern teacher when G asked me if a carer s appraisal was the same as a direct payment. Looking back on this I feel really silly as I knew the difference but I merely remember traveling clean as I stumbled with how to explicate the difference. I feel this was down to nervousness and as a consequence I panicked and turned to R for advice. I will decidedly seek to avoid making this in future as it is non professional and service users expect that we as workers know what we are speaking about. I feel I could hold been better prepared with respect to knowledge in relation to direct payments and carers allowance etc. Although I thought I knew what they were, evidently had nt read plenty around them or had the information prepared in a manner that would enable me to efficaciously pass on to the service user what they were. Although anterior to the contact I felt I was prepared, On contemplation, I feel I could hold been better prepared with respect to familiarizing myself better with direct payments and carers allowance etc. I should hold prepared in my caput how I would explicate this to G in a manner that was clear and concise that she would hold understood. My chief purposes achieved were: I was successful in acquiring Mrs G to open up about her state of affairs and her feelings I was successful in finding what it was she felt would outdo aid and back up her and her hubby at the minute, which was supplying them with reprieve by supplying P with chances for societal interaction. The chief cognition used and how it impacted upon my work: I had an apprehension of Mrs G s fortunes through old visits with the household and transporting out a UNOCINI appraisal and liaising with other professionals already involved with the household. I feel I tuned in exhaustively to Mrs G s past history, current fortunes and her life and needs as a carer. I did non hold a batch of cognition about the appropriate manner of finishing the carers assessment signifier. From discoursing the subject with my pattern instructor and other work co-workers, I felt it was better to non convey the signifier in with me during the visit. I felt this may hold put Mrs G of or hold distracted her. I considered the sensitiveness of some of the issues that Mrs G may be relaying to me and I wanted to give her my extreme attending, reassure that I was to the full listening to her, prosecute to the full with Mrs G and allow her take the interaction and talk openly about her state of affairs. This so led me to use the exchange theoretical account of appraisal w hich looks upon service users as experts in their ain lives. I tuned into the fact that no-one knew Mrs G and her life state of affairs every bit good as herself and so I felt this theoretical account was ideal to use as a method of appraisal. The Life needs theoretical account is another theoretical account which informed my cognition base prior to the visit. This is a developmental and social-ecological theoretical account and increased my cognition base on cardinal passages in kids s lives. Although this theoretical account informed my cognition base more so with respects to P s UNOCINI appraisal, it besides allowed me to see how Mrs G as a carer may be get bying with P s passage and current life phase of adolescence, as a carer and female parent. Knowledge around assessment theory increased my cognition base on what appraisal is and what it involves. Erik Erikson s life phase theory increased my cognition base around Mrs G s life phase. Theories around loss increased my cogniti on base as to how Mrs G had experienced loss as a effect of P s physical disablement and his malignant neoplastic disease. This was really important as the focal point of the work was on measuring Mrs G s demands as a carer, sing who she cares for, how that impacts on her life and how she efficaciously copes with her lovingness duties. As a carer of a kid who has a physical disablement and who had had malignant neoplastic disease and been treated with chemotherapy and has had two failed kidney grafts, this theory allowed me to tune into a figure of losingss Mrs G may has or may hold had, losingss in footings of deficiency of socialization, independency etc. This cognition allowed me to see that Mrs G may hold been affected psychologically, physically, emotionally and socially. One of my aims for the visit was to discourse direct payments. I feel that I did non transport out sufficient research to let me to explicate this service clearly and briefly in a mode that Mrs G would hold un derstood. I recognise that direct payments is a comparatively new manner of having services and other professionals are still larning about what they are and how they are used. However, this is an country I had planned to cover with Mrs G as it is one of the inquiries within the carers assessment signifier and therefore I do experience I could hold researched this country more briefly to guarantee I was confident in explicating it in a manner that Mrs G would hold understood. I besides feel I had a good appreciation of the current household state of affairs through completion of the initial UNOCINI appraisal and therefore I could hold enquired into the household s eligibility for having direct payments prior to the visit. I feel I had already antecedently adequately researched into P s nephritic status, kidney dialysis, the effects, the importance of a restricted fluid and dietetic consumption and the effects of non staying by a restricted diet from finishing P s UNOCINI appraisal. This information allowed me to farther see what life is like for Mrs G as a carer. I had already gained a great penetration into the household fortunes through interceding with other professionals and finishing the initial UNOCINI appraisal. This cognition was important as it allowed me to see the challenges Mrs G was confronting as a female parent and carer and therefore I already had an penetration into how she was get bying with caring for P. I besides done some research on carers of kids who have disablements which allowed to familiarize myself with what force per unit areas and emphasiss carers are faced with on a day-to-day footing. Throughout my work with this household I am invariably cognizant of overarching statute law such as the Children s Order ( NI ) 1995, the Human Rights Act 1998, Disabled Persons Act ( NI ) 1989, and The Education ( NI ) Order 1996. The chief piece of statute law that informed this piece of work nevertheless was the Carers and direct payments Act ( NI ) 1996. I must ever be cognizant of the legal and statutory context in which I work. It is impossible to pattern without coming up against the Law: it is impossible to pattern efficaciously without an in-depth apprehension of how the Law affects mundane societal work pattern ( Johns, 2005:1 ) . Looking back I strongly experience I could hold increased my cognition base more efficaciously around direct payments and familiarize myself with what the standard is for eligibility for households. I have since spoken to other workers in the squad and have read around the subject more and therefore experience much more confident about the subject . The chief values I used were: The NISCC Codes of Practice for Social attention Workers underpins my professional value base and I felt this impacted when working with this household. I feel that I treated Mrs G and her place environment with regard by inquiring Mrs G prior to the visit if she would mind my pattern teacher being present to detect my work. I feel I empathised with G by being apprehension of her all that her and her household have come through in their lives to day of the month. I felt I could easy sympathize with her when she was mentioning to P and his medical history and his malignant neoplastic disease. I considered prior to reach how lay waste toing this peculiar clip would hold been in their lives and acknowledged the importance of demoing empathy, peculiarly if this service user was willing to speak openly to me who she may hold looked upon as a stranger , about such a sensitive country in her life. I empathised with her further when she talked openly about her older boy besides holding been born with a nephritic status and the on-going mundane emphasiss and strains this had. I did non judge Mrs G. I listened openly to what she had to state and demonstrated empathy by being apprehension of Mrs G s fortunes at present and what she has come through to day of the month. By being empathic and understanding towards Mrs G, I feel she was more motivated to work in partnership with me. I feel I demonstrated regard by explicating the issue of confidentiality, explicating my pupil position, deriving consent and guaranting Mrs G was happy and content working with myself, a pupil, by reminding Mrs G of my pupil position and leting her to clear up she was happy to continue. Furthermore, I feel I respected Mrs G by pre set uping the assignment and turning up on clip. I feel I demonstrated regard at all times throughout the visit by keeping oculus contact, listening to Mrs G, utilizing silence when appropriate and leting her to talk, garner her ideas and show her feelings. I was trul y interested in what Mrs G had to state, happening out more about her life and past experiences and I was honest and unfastened which I feel contributed to an effectual, positive working relationship with Mrs G. I made myself cognizant of any cultural/structural subjugation that the service user may be sing, such as gender, spiritual issues. I besides considered that Mrs G attended a Church group and that she and her household held steadfastly spiritual beliefs and attended Church on a regular footing. Future acquisition demands indicated by this piece of work What I hope to better upon in the hereafter: From looking back I can see that there are important countries I need to develop my cognition and experience in. For illustration I strongly experience I could hold increased my cognition base more efficaciously around direct payments and have familiarised myself with what the standard is for eligibility for households. My deficiency of experience presenting direct payments is obvious here. I feel that my apprehension on this subject could be improved through reading farther on the subject and perchance shadowing other societal workers in the squad when they visit service users about direct payments. Being good prepared for what it is I want to cover during contacts is another important country I need to work on. Looking back, I feel the contact had flowed up until the point at which I introduced the subject of direct payments. I feel, I already had an penetration into the household state of affairs through finishing the initial appraisal ad I knew that Mrs G s chief concern was that P did non hold adequate chances for societal mercantile establishments and if I had prepared to present this subject, I should hold antecedently enquired into whether this was an option for Mrs G and her household. On contemplation this would hold made much more sense as I would hold had concluding for presenting the subject and I would hold been able to inform Mrs G of information that was clear, concise and accurate, forestalling informing Mrs G of information that was inaccurate, put on the lining false hopes and possible letdown. I feel I did non come across as a competent worker as I had to mention to my pattern instructor for elucidation and I acknowledge how Mrs G may hold looked upon this as my non being knowing plenty to supply information that was clear, concise and accurate. I feel I have developed a good resonance with Mrs G to day of the month and I have considered how this may hold damaged Mrs G s perceptual experience of me and my ability as a pupil societal worker. In future I need to be better prepared by sing all countries every bit which need to be covered during the contact to guarantee I know what I am speaking about and this is every bit relayed to the service user through my degree of communicating and ability to explicate a service clearly. Increasing my cognition base around direct payments will guarantee I am confident in explicating this service in a manner in which the service user will understand and I acknowledge the importance of this to guarantee the service user is non given unrealistic outlooks of their eligibility, entitlement to services and what that service delivers. To be organised and comprehensively fix for the contact. For illustration, if there is a possibility that the service user may ask about a service, benefits, carer s allowance, direct payments etc. I need to guarantee I have familiarised myself with them good plenty so that I am able to confidently explicate to the user what it is and what it entails and if n on, I need to be unfastened and honest with service users that I am diffident nevertheless inform them I will ask into the service for tem. I will non merely presume that what I had planned on my docket will be discussed. Mrs G comprehensively discussed her state of affairs throughout the contact. Although I tuned into the advantages of using the exchange theoretical account of appraisal and leting Mrs G to speak openly about her life, looking back, I do experience I could hold kept the contact more focussed. In future I will be aware of: Why I am at that place? What is my function? What is the focal point of the contact? I feel in future I will gain, if or when the conversation is maneuvering off from the focal point of the contact and act upon this by taking more control over the state of affairs and maneuvering it back gently but every bit rapidly as possible. This is good, effectual realistic pattern. In this case I feel I tuned into the importance of leting the service user to speak openly, allowing her exchange the information nevertheless in making, on contemplation I may hold forgotten about the type of information I wanted to find. Efficaciously I wanted to find how Mrs G felt, how she found being a carer, what were the battles, emphasiss, strains of being a carer, how was she pull offing etc. Looking back, I realise that she talked a batch about P, his state of affairs and how it affected him. I realise this is all right as her lovingness duties are straight related to this nevertheless I do experience I could hold used my probing and oppugning accomplishments more efficaciously. I do experience I have learnt from this contact nevertheless and this raised my consciousness of how and when I need to do more effectual usage of these accomplishments. I feel this may be a challenge for me, peculiarly if the service user is chatty or gabby. It can be difficult to acquire a balance as you want to guarantee you are utilizing active hearing accomplishments, utilizing silence to let them to garner their ideas, peculiarly if they are sharing sensitive issues with you and you want to obtain as much information as possible during the visit. I acknowledge the importance of researching all issues which the carer communicates and I plan to use a scope of oppugning accomplishments and airt the service user back to issues antecedently mentioned. As a pupil, my professional and personal values have been developing through my life and work experiences. Through the class of my hereafter and work I must ever guarantee that my personal values do non come into struggle with my professional values. Having a arrangement in a societal work, field work scene is wholly new to me and I need to develop my societal work accomplishments further but I feel that working with assorted service users and by obtaining more experience, I will be able to accomplish this.

Precious Things in Life Essays

Precious Things in Life Essays Precious Things in Life Paper Precious Things in Life Paper Essay Topic: Life Is Beautiful Precious Things in Life In today’s modern society, economical status determines one’s social status. I have some friends who do not have any problem on spending their money to keep up with their lifestyle. They are given such privilege from their parents to be able to spend materially. In result, their social status among the others is considered privilege otherwise because of their exclusive lifestyle. They are often seen with a group of people who are in the same status range as them. It may seem as if they are living a perfect life surrounded by high-end materials to a group of loyal friends. However, it doesn’t seem as perfect as it seems once I get to know some of them. Money may buy us everything we can ever wish for. It allows us to purchase goods and services, gain respect from other people; it provides us with security, or even a family in some cases. Nevertheless, money can never provides us with permanent satisfaction but temporary. Money can never buy us priceless moments, true happiness, or most importantly, time. These are the three things that we always wished for in our lives. And my friends who live in a perfect life we all always assume, hardly experience true happiness behind the overwhelming economic supply their parents gave them. Their problems mostly revolve around family issues. Their parents are too busy working they don’t have any time to spare with them, thus them only could show their love by letting their children get whatever they want. One of them once told me, she would trade everything she has right now with her parents’ time so she can feel the joy of spending even just a day being together as a whole family. She told me that no matter how much money they are able to provide her, at the end of the day, it only provides her temporary satisfaction. Ever since she was a little girl, her parents barely spend time with her. She reminisced on how she wanted to go to a theme park badly with her parents like her friends at school always do, and ended up spending her day with her babysitter and her driver. She told me how she would have dinner at the dining table all by herself in silence, or sometimes she would ask her loyal babysitter to sit down with her just to chat. She never gets home after school straightaway, she rather go out anywhere but home because she always thought she could find something better outside her home, temporarily. She may be able to get the most expensive designer handbags anytime, but the one thing she wished her money can be purchase for is the time and happiness with her family. She also doubts the friendship some of her friends in the group gave her, because they could be tagging her along just for fame, not for a genuine friendship. From just hearing a story from one person, I could never be more thankful for what I have now. I may not have the same amount of money as they do, but I am given some things she could never buy with her money. Temporary satisfaction may feel nice at first, but in the end it doesn’t matter because the happiness does not last forever. Money can never buy us everything that is what I feel the society should learn and understand more about. We often think money solves everything therefore life would be easier the more money you get. Happiness and time are two precious things that keep our life interesting and we often forget that. The most precious things in life are priceless and they can only be gained, not purchased. Humans tend to have their own concept of happiness. These days, the society finds their happiness from rich food, fine clothes, beautiful sights and ease. This is the problem. Sometimes the concept of happiness cannot be defined in physical form. Precious things that happened in our lives are designed in such twisted way for us to learn to appreciate for all we got. Will money buy you happiness? No. Will more money gives you happiness? Maybe. A severe lack of money may brings you unhappiness but a genuine happiness is invaluable and has to be earned otherwise. Precious moments, too, are those we often wish to be able to capture them or nonetheless, remember. Everyone have a certain moment in our lives we wish to be able to turn back time and to experience it once again. In my friend’s case, she barely experience one and is waiting for it to happen, which she claimed to be impossible. Most of us think that spending time with friends is a lot more fun than stay at home with our family. We often don’t realize that there are people out there who would trade their money just for a moment we could have for free everyday. Isn’t it tragic that her money may buy her acceptance from her friends but her own family? Perhaps we should question the genuineness of their friendship as it may be based on material acceptance. A true friendship is priceless and it will be clearly obvious when you hit the lowest point of your life.

Visual Rhetoric Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Currency trading simulation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Currency trading simulation - Research Paper Example OANDA reflects the market ideal market condition which may not be true conditions. The pie charts in the OANDA which shows real time changes in the currency pair using moving averages. The user can study the market and develop their trading strategy which will determine when to buy and when to sell at a profit. Generally, when the spot crosses under the moving average,a sell signal appears because the technical analysis shows that the price will drop. A buy signal appeard when the spot crosses over the moving average because the price will raise. Market volatility tends to indicate rate reversal hence an important factor to be considered. I used two moving average on the same pie charts, the faster moving average is based on 25 days of data while the slower moving average is calculated from 10 days of data. A buy signal appears when the faster moving average crosses above the slow moving average, and a sell signal appears when the faster moving average crosses below the slower moving average (OANDA Tutorial). My initial trading plan was to use reversal point by waiting for the fast moving average crossing above the slower moving average, then buy 50 currency units and hold the for a while to see if the market price will go up or not. My initial didn’t work out because the prices didn’t rise, thus I couldn’t get a profit. I decided to diversify my portfolio to maximize my returns and minimize my risk in the money market. The moving average, however, had little movement and thus I was not able to able to buy and sell at a profit. Changing my strategies to diversification of portfolio worked out because none of the moving averages crossed each other. Market volatility also didn’t work out so I decided to diversify my points. My strategies yielded returns, but I didn’t maximize it. The market fluctuates every second and making decisions is very

Shipping Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Shipping Economics - Essay Example Marx (1953) describes it as " agreements organised by shipping lines to ports of call to arrange the pooling of cargo, freight monies or net earnings. They generally control prices, i.e., freight rates and passenger fares. They create a permanent body with a Chairman or Secretary. The conferences were either informal (oral) or formal (written), containing carefully established rights and obligations of membership." Such an authority to set and fix the price gives them the power of a cartel to monopolise the industry. The shipping industry has evolved from birth and continues to evolve in the wings of technological advances. Globalisation has taken place, and as shared by Notteboom (2004, p.86), it is reshaping the shipping industry. According to Jansson and Shneerson( 1987, p16), the liner shipping is geared towards providing regular services between ports following time-tables, and prices are advertised well in advance. It resembles a public transport system wherein the service is open to all with some cargo to carry, known as 'general cargo' which are transported in various packaging, such as pallets, boxes, barrels, crates. Providing such service requires extensive logistics, i.e., ships/vessels, loading and unloading equipment and agencies to broker the port operations. The liner is bound to keep its schedules and be stringent in implementing its policies, thus, it has to leave ports on schedule full or half-full in load capacity. The high cost of operating a shipping line is fixed. The salaries of managers, engineers and crew members, the port handling expense, and other administrative and operational expenses are regularly paid regardless of whether the vessel is full to capacity, or there are large or small stocks to carry when sailing. This creates supply and demand imbalance, a market condition which would either push prices upward or pull them downward, as the case may be. In this particular case, there is an excess vessel capacity (supply quantity) with respect to actual load (quantity demanded), a situation which triggers a downward trend of freight rates or conference tariffs. Profits have been low and relatively small in liner shipping. Under a loose market condition, trading losses may even be incurred. The problem is compounded by the inability of carriers to make quick turn-arounds to be able to reduce costs and operate at marginal profits. Sturmey (1975, p125) stresses that the best approach to reduce shipping costs lies in speeding up the turn-around of ships. Liners spend 60% of time in port cargo handling, a complete waste of expensive capital tied up in engines, accommodation and hull". The inefficiency of handling in both loading and discharging ports causes the congestion of ships at the wharf rendering it difficult for them to make another round or more of sailing. Container

Handling Murder Scenes Investigations Criminology Essay

Handling Murder Scenes Investigations Criminology Essay Different areas tend to be prone to crime and hence the necessity of having appropriate interventions and measures which will be adopted in the handling of the murder scenes.The paper presents analyses of how law enforcers handle murder scenes and the health and legal risks associated with processing the crime scene. Conversely, it describes the strategies that should be developed by the typical law enforcement organization to improve their murder scene handling skills. Introduction Definitively, murder scene investigation refers to analytical use of physical evidence to deduce and obtain knowledge of the events surrounding the murder. This investigation is multidisciplinary and entails use of systemic search, observation and at times lab or forensic analysis of evidence. Handling and actions taken at the start of murder scene investigation plays an important role in the resolution of a case (Peterson, Mihajlovic Gilliland, 1998). A thorough investigation provides opportunities that make sure the latent physical evidence is not contaminated or likely witnesses overlooked, since if handled badly it would lead to both health and legal risks.Going by the global standards and individual country legislations, its vital for security personnels to demonstrate understanding of how to handle crime scenes (Bicheno , Elliot,1997). Personnel given a mandate of handling murder crime scenes need to have the necessary knowledge and skills that will enable them to obtain necessary evidence. Ultimately, the assessment of risk at murder scenes is an indication that anything can happen in crime scenes and its important to observe caution in order to avoid problems associated with processing of evidence. How Law Enforcement Handle a Murder Scene The great importance of carrying out murder scene investigation is to produce identification and evidence that can be used to disclose the cause of death and to obtain facts that can be used to bring the culprit to book, in case of murder. Murder scene investigation involves a meeting place of law, logic and science. Processing and handling of the murder scene is very tedious and long process that involve recognition, identification, documentation, collection of evidence and analyzing of the collected evidence. In case of suspected murder crime, law enforcers move in as investigators, where they first seal the area of murder. This is necessary to prevent contamination of the murder scene from curious onlookers. After sealing the scà ¨ne, investigators from law enforcement agency analyze the murder scene and makes sure that nothing has been moved .Here they are able to generate preliminary hypothesis based on visual examination (Bodziak, 2009). With the analysis done, the law enforcers are able to clearly describe the extent of murder crime. Apart from sealing the murder scene, the police secure the core area where they suspect a large amount of evidence is concentrated. After sealing the entire area, law enforcers then move to the district attorney s chambers where they obtain search warrants .This is important because at times some people could have prospects of privacy in portions of the murder scene. Also if not done legally, the whole investigation process would be of little importance since the findings wont be admissible in courts (Eliopulos, 2003). The law enforcers also call for any specialist and additional tools they think would be necessary during the process. The law enforcers also talk to first responders to determine if anything was moved or touched, and give details of anything they saw or heard during the occurrence of the murder crime. During this process, law enforcers touch nothing. Secondly, they scrupulously document the murder scene by taking pictures and drawing rough drafts. At times, they use video to document the scene in details without touching anything. After documenting the scene, law enforcers then engage in the collection of potential evidence, where they tag, log and package the evidence in plastic containers for laboratory analysis. The evidence is kept intact from where its transported in a safe manner for analysis. The evidence collected is labeled accordingly in relation to place of collection, date, and type of evidence collected. Before moving the body, the law enforcers analyze the body carefully for any evidence. Here they check for marks, cuts, bruises or stains on the victims body. They also check if anything is missing such as watches, rings and other personal effects (Peterson, Mihajlovic Gilliland, 1998). After collection of all evidence, the evidence is analyzed.DNA fingerprinting which is also known as forensic-DNA analysis is the common method used by law enforcers to analyze the evidence. This analysis is most reliable and affordable in such kind of scenes where for instance the body has been shot severally, burnt or even disfigured. With connection to these, the analysis provides faster mode of identification once established in such kind of scenes. Despite the benefits of dealing with DNA evidence, the evidence should not be collected unless the information is relevant to the murder crime in question. This implies that the proceedings should be undertaken under given instructions from either the regulatory bodys or the involved medical experts. Strategies of Handling Murder Scene Effectively in Relation to Law Enforcers To develop efficient strategies that would promote effective handling of murder scenes by law enforcers, it is quite necessary to have good management structures and operations within the institutions dealing with crime issues in order to promote performance within the given organization. In that case, there has been the need for different crime handling agencies to effectively adopt a number of measures that will help them in promoting teamwork and concept of working together. Problems involved in processing and handling of murder crime scenes can be mitigated by adequately training the individuals involved on better procedures and ways of handling evidence (Bodziak,2009) .As well, community involvement and awareness is also important in making sure members of the public have an idea of avoiding crime scene disturbances and dont contaminate themselves. This kind of learning and training makes sure all individuals engage in activities that do not promote murder scene and evidence con tamination.Another approach to this practice involves identification of the potential hazards which appear to be in scenes of crime and include mitigation measures which should be implemented by all.Once the problems have been identified, the next advancement is to come up with adequate plan that provide fundamental ways into how deal with exposures at the murder crime scene (Eliopulos, 2003). Issues of Law Enforcers Face in the Process of Murder Scene Investigation Many law enforcers are involved in murder scene investigations and they do encounter countless tribulations in response to how they handle evidence. For them, any action taken in the scene has some level of destructive effect on the scene and in application of justice. Sometimes scenes are degraded and altered and negative data is obtained which at times is used to convict innocent individual. Poor processing of murder scenes tends to convict innocent people and leave real culprits free and this represents injustice in the society (Bodziak,2009) Drastic changes in political and economic conditions have increased regulations and state litigation hence processing of murder crime scenes has been neglected due to strict procedural formats from the government ,as a result, individuals conducting investigations have been subjected to work without adverse training thus limiting murder scene processes. Sometimes murder crime experts like CSI personnel and law enforcers like the police, are faced with the dilemma of consulting higher authority and regulatory bodies, before conducting murder scene investigations. Indeed, this makes them loose their independence since; most of the scenes are at times thronged by curious onlookers, who have little or no knowledge of crime scene management (Bicheno Elliot, 1997). Legal inflexibility on the part of the law enforcers have contributed to challenges which force them to follow strict crime scene processing procedures which at times are time consuming and non cost effective. Investigators are required to make quick decisions even in fragile cases and legally this lead to negligence. At times there are legal problems in situations where investigators have personal stake in case. Effectiveness of the murder scene processing is lost due to the loss of neutrality in policing and close association with court systems. Other legal issues relating to murder scenes processing include technical barriers between crime scene investigators and legal practitioners. Another issue is that, an investigator may get concrete evidence to convict a criminal and yet the court disregards it. Lack of coordination between the law enforcers and courts slow down scene processing and limit justice (Peterson, Mihajlovic Gilliland, 1998). Inherent Medical and Health Risks Associated with Murder Crime Scenes, Evidence and Evidence Handling and Processing. Mostly the unintended contamination of murder scenes emerges as one of the major problems associated with murder scene handling and processing. Law enforcers involved in Murder scene investigation usually perform their works in scenes that are hazardous to their health and health of others, and this is due to coming in to contact with them. Most investigators duties entails processing of murder crime scenes and mostly they use dangerous chemicals and fingerprint powders which when accidentally ingested are life threatening. Some chemicals used are carcinogenic while others tend to cause long term Health hazards (Eliopulos, 2003). Despite the use of powders and chemicals in processing crime scenes, investigators are also susceptible to whole lots of other medical problems and hazards. Biological samples like urine, saliva, semen and blood are always handled routinely and if the victims had contagious diseases like HIV, measles and other sexually transmitted infections, probability of accidents occurring and infecting them is quiet high since majority of them have no protective clothings (Bodziak,2009) .When processing murder scenes, at times investigators use equipments like lasers, electro static dust lifters and other electrical appliances which when not handled well can cause electric shock, damage to eyes and even death. Also most law enforcers suffer from traumatic Stresses due to grotesque scenes they see when handling cases and also due to strenuous working conditions. Generally, most murder scene investigators and law enforcers are usually taken for granted and unappreciated, but they should never compromise their health (Bicheno Elliot, 1997). Conclusion Law enforcers are served with responsibility of making our community safe .They are required to investigate and arrest individuals suspected of murder crimes. Proper handling of these scenes is significant in making sure that justice has been achieved. In conclusion, Personnel given mandate of handling murder crime scenes need to have necessary knowledge and skills that will enable them to obtain necessary evidence that is indispensable in solving any murder case.

The essence of a memoir is to look back at ones experience, and see Es

The essence of a memoir is to look back at one's experience, and see how they have developed and matured. The essence of a memoir is to look back at one's experience, and see how they have developed and matured. This is no different in Dave Eggers fictitious memoir, A Heartbreaking Story of Staggering Genius. To explore what has changed a person it is important to look at what most of the person's time was spent doing. In Dave's situation, there is no shadow of a doubt, at the age of 22, his life revolved around the security and well being of his little brother Christopher (Toph). To completely comprehend Eggers growth and maturity, it is essential to analyze his relationship with his little brother Toph. Father, mother, brother, all wrapped in one, Dave becoming Toph's guardian constructed the adult that Eggers would become. Dave did not become Toph's guardian because he wanted to, but because he was the one left over. Bill was out getting a job and Beth was finishing graduate school. Dave immediately tried to overcome the grief of dealing with two dead parents, and taking care of Toph by making Toph's and his own lives fun. He spent all of the social security and inheritance on a nice house; they went out all the time; singing to song, making of people in the car, playing lots of frisbee at the beach. He seemed to drown out the sadness of the situation with their complimentary money. At this point, Dave's feelings still cannot escape him. "It's Friday night and I should be out, across the bay, I should be out every night with the rest of the young people, fixing my hair, spilling my beer, trying to get someone to touch my penis.. So yet, I could be out, enjoying this freedom specifically and that... ... did very little lecturing (something everyone's parents love to do) and just let Toph explore life as it came. This is shown when Dave picks up Toph from the girls house. Toph had played his first game of spin the bottle. Dave has all these expectations for Toph and was disappointed to hear that Toph thought nothing special of the girls, but instead of going into his regrets he had, he just let it be, because Toph will figure it out. This seems to be the parenting model in which Dave and Toph's relationship is about. Dave spent less time sheltering and trying to mold Toph to his expectations and more time just having fun with him. This created Toph to become an independent and responsible child. Because Toph was not a conventional parent, some may argue that Dave has little responsibility in Toph's maturing, but don't tell Dave, "parent almighty", so.

Functional assessment of an elderly man at home Essay

According to NHS (2011), elderly people who have attained the age of 65 years and above usually spend an average of 10 hours and above daily sitting or lying down, making them the most sedentary group of people. Due to this apparent inactivity among the elderly, they are more prone to accidental falls, obesity, cardiovascular accidents, heart conditions and sudden death than the general population. In this interview, data was gathered from an elderly man in his early 80s through use of a semi-structured interview schedule that consisted of open-ended questions touching on the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL). The interview schedule provided an opportunity for the interviewer and interviewee to tackle the questions in detail through appropriate probing. Before commencement of the interview, an informed consent was obtained from the respondent where his anonymity and the confidentiality of the information sought from him were assured. The interviewee was asked to sign a consent form if he agreed to take part in the interview. The Rationale To ascertain that a person is able to independently live at home or community, the determination of the daily basic activities performed by the individual is necessary. These activities are referred to as Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). According to PayingForSeniorCare (2007), ADLs only serve as a yardstick of independence of individuals, whether or not they perform these basic activities on their own or get assistance. On the other hand, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) are the actions which are important but not a daily requirement for one to live independently. They usually used to determine what level of assistance is to be accorded to the elderly or disabled people in society. In the interview nschedule, three (3) ADLs and Three (3) IADLs were included. The ADLs included: Bed mobility, Toileting, and Eating. The IADLs were: Responsibility for own medication, Housekeeping, and Ability to use telephone. These activities and actions were included in the interview because they will in the very least point to the functional ability of the respondent given his advanced age. ADLs and IADLs are carried out because ‘ Measuring an individual’s ability to perform the ADLs and IADLs is important not just in determining the level of assistance required but as a metric for a variety of services and programs related to caring for the elderly and for those with disabilities (PayingForSeniorCare (2007, p. 1). Ethical considerations According to Fouka and Mantzorou (2011, p. 3), research ethics involve requirements on daily work, the protection of dignity of subjects and the publication of the information in the research. Research ethics are a set of principles that guide researchers and research organizations on how to conduct themselves when dealing with research participants, other researchers and colleagues, the users of their research and society in general. Among the ethical issues taken into consideration in research include: 1. Informed consent Informed consent is a major ethical issue in carrying out research. According to Armiger (1997), the participant must knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently, and in a clear and manifest way, give his/her consent. Informed consent confers autonomy to the respondent hence they are protected through self-determination. Through informed consent, the participant’s integrity, personal liberties and veracity are protected from violation by researchers. Informed consent enables individuals participate in research voluntarily after they have been provided with information on the potential risks and benefits of the research. Free and informed consent should incorporate an introduction to the study, its purpose, an explanation of the selection of the subjects and the procedures that shall be followed. It is essential to describe any physical harm or discomfort, any invasion of privacy and any threat to dignity as well as how the subjects will be compensated in that case. 2. Beneficence- do not harm This principle ensures that researchers exercise a professional mandate to carry out significant and effective research so as to serve and promote the welfare of the population. A researcher must consider all possible consequences of the research and balance the risks with proportionate benefit. The type, degree, and number of potential risks must be assessed and the risk benefit ratio can only be achieved by identifying these factors. If the risks outweigh the benefits, the study should be revised. It is important that debriefing of the participants is done at the end of the study. Debriefing refers to explaining the exact aim of the study and why certain disclosures were not done. According to Burns and Grove (2005) ‘if the subjects experienced a high level of discomfort, they should be debriefed or referred to appropriate professional intervention as necessary’. 3. Respect of anonymity and confidentiality Confidentiality and anonymity are closely linked with the rights of beneficence. The protection of anonymity is achieved when the researcher does not link a participants personal responses and his/her identity. The management of private information of the respondents must be ensured by the researcher in order to protect the participant’s identity. Confidentiality means that individuals can give and/or withhold as much information as they wish to the person they choose. 4. Respect of privacy Privacy is the freedom exercised by an individual in determining the time, extent, and general circumstances under which private information will be shared with or withheld from others. Therefore, private information shall not be shared with others without the knowledge of the participant. According to Treece and Treece (1982), a researcher must respect a decision by a respondent who considers reporting personal information a violation of privacy. Fauka and Mantzorou (2011, p. 7) state that ‘this may even apply to report of age, income, marital status, and other details that the subject may regard intimate. They also imply that privacy can be invaded when researchers study certain groups without their knowledge and without identifying themselves. 5. Concerns of vulnerable group of people Vulnerable group of people are the individuals who are unable to protect their own rights and welfare. Opinion is still divided as to whether they should be included in research studies or not due to their inability to give informed consent. They include prisoners, mentally ill people, the aged and children among others. They need further protection for they are vulnerable to being deceived, threatened or forced to participate in research studies they have no idea about. According to Burns and Grove (2005), the vulnerability of these individuals increases the need for justification for the use of such subjects in research studies. 6. Honesty, objectivity, integrity, legality and competence It is important to maintain honesty in research undertakings. Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Avoid any fabrication, falsification, or misrepresentation of data. Do not deceive colleagues, granting agencies, or the public. To maintain objectivity, the researcher must avoid bias in study designs, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected or required. Avoid or minimize bias or self-deception. Disclose personal or financial interests that may affect research. Integrity should be ensured through keeping of promises and agreements. The researcher must act with sincerity, and maintain consistency of thought and action. Every researcher must ensure and improve his/her own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning and steps must be taken towards the promotion of competence in science as a whole. Research studies are guided by the relevant rules and regulations that must be adhered to at all times, whether institutional or governmental. Research ethics play important roles in research studies as they; 1. Bring about respect for and cause no harm to the participants 2. They are a professional requirement in research studies 3. They are a requirement in obtaining funding for research undertaking 4. They ensure that research studies are conducted within the ethical guidelines provided by the Ethics Committee 5. Ensures that the research findings are acceptable to the research community and the public Interviewee current IADL/ADL practices According to Quinn et al. (2011), elderly individuals usually present with acute and chronic problems that adversely affect function, often defined by functional decline and loss of independence. This might eventually lead to institutional care for such individuals. The decreased function may be a pointer to occult pathologies which lead to increased mortalities (Schumacher, 2005). From the interview, it was found out that the respondent had limited capacity in carrying out daily activities. For instance, in determining the ADLs, in bed mobility, he needed other than two persons physical assist, had a limited physical assistance in toileting and limited assistance when eating. His actions too were limited as he scored lowly in IADLs. For instance, in responsibility for own medication, he only takes medication when it is prepared in advance and in right dosages, he answers the telephone only and cannot dial by himself, and finally he does not participate in any form of housekeeping. The respondents attributed all this to poor memory, fast failing eyesight, affliction by arthritis and advanced age. Conclusion Elderly individuals are afflicted by many ailments that lead to poor health, and as a consequence they are usually unable to undertake simple tasks that are geared towards maintaining good health. It is therefore imperative that functional assessment are done on such persons in order to put in place appropriate strategies that can help them lead at least ‘normal’ lives. Therefore, ADLs and IADLs are important towards this end and can help determine the kind of care to be provided to elderly individuals. This can be in the form of institutional care, family and friends care giving. References Armiger, B. (1997). Ethics in Nursing Research: Profile, Principles, Perspective. Nursing Research, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 330-333. Burns, N & Grove, S. (2005). The practice of nursing research: Conduct, critique, and utilization (5th ed.), St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/ Saunders. Fauka, G &  Mantzorou, M. (2011). What are the major ethical issues in conducting research? Is there a conflict between the research ethics and the nature of nursing? Health Science Journal, 5(1), pp. 3-14. NHS (2011). The importance of exercise as you get older. Retrieved from: http://www.nhs.uk. Quinn, J, McArthur, Ellis, G & Stott, J. (2011). Functional assessment of older people. BMJ. doi: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4681 Schumacher, J. (2005). Emergency medicine and older adults: continuing challenges and opportunities. Am J Emerg Med, 23: pp. 556-60. Treece, E & Treece, J. (1982). Elements of research in Nursing. St-Louis: Mosby. Appendix Appendix A Informed consent letter My name is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦., an undergraduate student at †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. University carrying out a study on ‘the importance of ADLs and IADLs’. All information provided in this study will be treated with confidentiality and your identity shall not be disclosed. All information provided in this study will be treated with confidentiality and your identity shall not be disclosed. The participation in this study is on voluntary basis, and therefore you are free to accept or decline to take part in the study. Your cooperation shall be of great importance in achieving this goal. If you agree to take part in this study, please append only your signature below ____________________________________ ______________________ Respondent Signature Date Interviewer signature Date Appendix B Interview schedule Part 1: ADLs 1. How will you describe your ability to move in bed while you lie on it? Any difficulties? 2. Please describe your ability to use the washrooms. Any important information worthy noting? 3. Can you please describe to me your eating habits? Are you able to cut chew and swallow food independently or with supervision? Part 2: IADLs 1. Are you responsible for taking your medications? Yes [ ] No [ ] If NO in the above question, please explain. 2. Do you perform housekeeping chores? 3. How will you describe your use of the telephone? any reasons for that?

buy custom Essay on Sport Injury - Cerebral Concussion

buy custom Essay on Sport Injury - Cerebral Concussion Sport Injury Introduction Sport is one of the main aspects that are vital for the development of human beings. However, sports are associated with various complications like cerebral concussion. Cerebral concussion is one of the diseases that are considered to affect the brain. This disease is known to cause some traumatic effects to the brain of an individual. This disease is caused if the head is damaged. Any damage that is inflicted to the head may affect the brain. This may be caused if the impact makes the brain get into the contact with the skull. The skull is a part of the body that acts as the guard to the brain. If the head is smashed or if the head smashes an object, concussion may be suffered. Many of the scientists believe that this concussion has considerable effects to the brain. This concussion is known to cause an effect that is temporary and which may make some of the functions of the brain fail. This concussion also has considerable effects in terms of physical and emotional feelings of an i ndividual. According to many scientists, it is a state, when functions of the brain are stopped and affected temporarily (Shannon, 2010).

the fire essays

the fire essays Late one Wednesday night in May, my girlfriend and I spotted some smoke and could see lava-like fire coming from the Jemez Mountains. We knew right away that it was a forest fire, but did not know how serious it was. We drove to my house to ask my dad what was happening in and around the Atomic City. He didnt know the details of the fire, so we turned on the TV to get some information about it. Every channel was talking about the Cerro Grande fire that had started from a prescribed burn. The rest of that night we never left the couch. The television broadcasted that all Los Alamos residents should be prepared to evacuate the following day. The phone rang and it was my dads boss from the laboratory; he called to say that work had been canceled for the rest of the week. Shortly after that phone call, the news anchor on the TV announced that there would no work for all Lab employees. We figured that the fire must have been My dad laid lifeless on the couch, showing no emotion. One hour passed, and still he hadnt moved. Not only was the fire consuming up the Jemez Mountains, it was also eating my Dad. He was really quiet and that is not his normal self. My Mom and I sat with him watching the continuous coverage of the fire on all the local channels. The news was keeping us well informed of all changes that were taking place on that hill north of Santa Fe. The local stations helicopters showed us that this fire meant business. Flames shooting hundreds of feet high torched anything and everything in its way. Tornado like winds made it impossible for fire fighters and slurry bombers to try and stop the raging fire. From our house we could see a huge cloud of black smoke that covered When my Mom and I got home from school that next day, my Dad said that the fire was creeping closer and closer to the town and ...

Assignment Marketing Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Research - Assignment Example Qualitative technique seeks to exemplify attitudes concerning behavior posed by consumers. Credits depicted by this technique include intense scrutiny incorporated during research. Unlike quantitative, it focuses on value instead of statistical facts (Katsirikou & Skiadas: 2010, pp. 27). This encompassed digging deeply to unveil perceptions encompassed by consumers. In-depth analysis occurs by execution of interviews performed at individual stages. The interviews demand exhaustive information because consumers explicate themselves. The interviews depict no time limits and thus customers entail chances to offer explanations concerning their behavior. Therefore, qualitative technique clinches the tribute of gathering detailed information. Detailed information entails negligible loopholes because it equips the researcher with satisfactory knowledge. Consequently, sufficient knowledge culminates to the researcher drawing sound conclusions concerning their study. Interviews conducted resu lt to rich knowledge concerning consumer mannerisms. Qualitative technique thus entails illuminations of a dependable method. Under this technique, there encompasses various approaches towards gathering rightful information involving the customer’s. The interviews depict liberated forums where consumers would articulate themselves without panic of intimidation. In addition, the technique presents contact with the clientele. This methodology thus offers a personal touch, hence urging consumers to air their feelings eloquently (Tadic & Mamic: 2011, pp. 280). In addition, incorporation of focus groups eminent in qualitative technique presents a reliable approach. This gains explanations from the information that these groups involve experts who seek digging for information by discussing. Observational technique depicts another qualitative technique. The method entails the advantage of being economical.